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What is John Locke’s theory?
In political theory, or political philosophy, John Locke refuted the theory of the divine right of kings and argued that all persons are endowed with natural rights to life, liberty, and property and that rulers who fail to protect those rights may be removed by the people, by force if necessary.
What did Hobbes believe in?
Hobbes believes that moral judgments about good and evil cannot exist until they are decreed by a society’s central authority. This position leads directly to Hobbes’s belief in an autocratic and absolutist form of government.
What was John Locke known for?
The English philosopher and political theorist John Locke (1632-1704) laid much of the groundwork for the Enlightenment and made central contributions to the development of liberalism. Trained in medicine, he was a key advocate of the empirical approaches of the Scientific Revolution.
What influenced John Locke philosophy?
With regard to his position on religious tolerance, Locke was influenced by Baptist theologians like John Smyth and Thomas Helwys, who had published tracts demanding freedom of conscience in the early 17th century.
What is Thomas Hobbes known for?
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, scientist, and historian best known for his political philosophy, especially as articulated in his masterpiece Leviathan (1651).
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Swiss Enlightenment philosopher with some radical ideas. He argued passionately for democracy, equality, liberty, and supporting the common good by any means necessary. While his ideas may be utopian (or dystopian), they are thought-provoking and can inform modern discourse.
What government did John Locke believe in?
the English Parliament
Locke favored a representative government such as the English Parliament, which had a hereditary House of Lords and an elected House of Commons. But he wanted representatives to be only men of property and business.
Who is Hobbes and Locke?
Locke and Hobbes were both social contract theorists and natural law theorists. 2. The two philosophers had different educational backgrounds. Hobbes was a known English philosopher from Malmesbury.
What did Baron de Montesquieu believe in?
Montesquieu believed that all things were made up of rules or laws that never changed. He set out to study these laws scientifically with the hope that knowledge of the laws of government would reduce the problems of society and improve human life.
How did Hobbes Locke and Rousseau differ?
Hobbes theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals, while Locke and Rousseau supports individual than the state or the government.
What Voltaire thought about government?
Voltaire distrusted democracy, which he saw as propagating the idiocy of the masses. He long thought only an enlightened monarch could bring about change, and that it was in the king’s rational interest to improve the education and welfare of his subjects.
What did Locke and Hobbes agree on?
Locke and Hobbes agree on a variety of ideas such as the non-divine origins of the political power, the need for social contract and a government, equal rights and freedoms of all human beings, and the existence of an ultimate state of nature for human beings.
What did Hobbes Locke and Rousseau believe about governments?
These thinkers valued reason, science, religious tolerance, and what they called “natural rights”: life, liberty, and property. Enlightenment philosophers John Locke, Charles Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all developed theories of government in which some or even all the people would govern.