fallacy. / (ˈfæləsɪ) / noun plural -cies. an incorrect or misleading notion or opinion based on inaccurate facts or invalid reasoning. unsound or invalid reasoning.
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What do you call false logic?
Logical fallacies are flawed, deceptive, or false arguments that can be proven wrong with reasoning. There are two main types of fallacies: A formal fallacy is an argument with a premise and conclusion that doesn’t hold up to scrutiny. An informal fallacy is an error in the form, content, or context of the argument.
What is a fallacy in logic?
Fallacies are common errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic of your argument. Fallacies can be either illegitimate arguments or irrelevant points, and are often identified because they lack evidence that supports their claim.
What is meant fallacious?
Definition of fallacious
1 : embodying a fallacy a fallacious conclusion a fallacious argument. 2 : tending to deceive or mislead : delusive false and fallacious hopes— Conyers Middleton.
What is the synonym of fallacy?
misbelief, misconception, myth, old wives’ tale, untruth.
What is meant by false dichotomy?
Definition of false dichotomy
: a branching in which the main axis appears to divide dichotomously at the apex but is in reality suppressed, the growth being continued by lateral branches (as in the dichasium)
What is a non sequitur?
(7) The fallacy of non sequitur (“it does not follow”) occurs when there is not even a deceptively plausible appearance of valid reasoning, because there is an obvious lack of connection between the given premises and the conclusion drawn from them.
What sophistry means?
subtly deceptive reasoning or
Definition of sophistry
1 : subtly deceptive reasoning or argumentation.
What does Felicitousness mean?
very well suited or expressed
1 : very well suited or expressed : apt a felicitous remark handled the delicate matter in a most felicitous manner.
What is the strawman fallacy?
This fallacy occurs when, in attempting to refute another person’s argument, you address only a weak or distorted version of it. Straw person is the misrepresentation of an opponent’s position or a competitor’s product to tout one’s own argument or product as superior.
What is the difference between dichotomy and juxtaposition?
Put simply, a dichotomy is generally a case of two opposites being pitted against each other while juxtaposition involves two elements that contrast but may not be opposite. In a dichotomy, there is little or no overlap between the two forces involved. Good versus evil.
What is false analogy fallacy?
a type of informal fallacy or a persuasive technique in which the fact that two things are alike in one respect leads to the invalid conclusion that they must be alike in some other respect.
Is post hoc a logical fallacy?
Short for “post hoc, ergo propter hoc,” a Latin phrase meaning “after this, therefore because of this.” The phrase expresses the logical fallacy of assuming that one thing caused another merely because the first thing preceded the other.
What does ergo propter hoc means?
after this, therefore because of this
Definition of post hoc, ergo propter hoc
: after this, therefore because of this : because an event occurred first, it must have caused this later event —used to describe a fallacious argument.
What is simultaneous fallacy?
Fallacy of simultaneous events: two things happened at the same time, so they must have a common cause. Fallacy of consecutive events: two things happened one after the other, so the second must have been caused by the first.
What is the ad Populum fallacy?
In argumentation theory, an argumentum ad populum (Latin for “appeal to the people”) is a fallacious argument which is based on claiming a truth or affirming something is good because the majority thinks so.
What is an ad Misericordiam example?
Argumentum Ad Misericordiam (Appeal To Pity): appealing to a person’s unfortunate circumstance as a way of getting someone to accept a conclusion. For example, “You need to pass me in this course, since I’ll lose my scholarship if you don’t.” ●
What is a slippery slope fallacy?
slippery slope argument, in logic, the fallacy of arguing that a certain course of action is undesirable or that a certain proposition is implausible because it leads to an undesirable or implausible conclusion via a series of tenuously connected premises, each of which is understood to lead, causally or logically, to …
What is an example of hasty generalization?
Stereotypes about people (“frat boys are drunkards,” “grad students are nerdy,” etc.) are a common example of the principle underlying hasty generalization. Example: “My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I’m in is hard, too.
What is an example of post hoc fallacy?
The fallacy lies in a conclusion based solely on the order of events, rather than taking into account other factors potentially responsible for the result that might rule out the connection. A simple example is “the rooster crows immediately before sunrise; therefore the rooster causes the sun to rise.”
What is faulty analogy?
The fallacy, or false analogy, is an argument based on misleading, superficial, or implausible comparisons. It is also known as a faulty analogy, weak analogy, wrongful comparison, metaphor as argument, and analogical fallacy. The term comes from the Latin word fallacia, meaning “deception, deceit, trick, or artifice”
What type of fallacy of false generalization is also known as?
The hasty generalization fallacy is sometimes called the over-generalization fallacy. It is basically making a claim based on evidence that it just too small. Essentially, you can’t make a claim and say that something is true if you have only an example or two as evidence.
What are the four most common fallacies?
15 Common Logical Fallacies
- 1) The Straw Man Fallacy. …
- 2) The Bandwagon Fallacy. …
- 3) The Appeal to Authority Fallacy. …
- 4) The False Dilemma Fallacy. …
- 5) The Hasty Generalization Fallacy. …
- 6) The Slothful Induction Fallacy. …
- 7) The Correlation/Causation Fallacy. …
- 8) The Anecdotal Evidence Fallacy.
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