Is there a term for materialistic non-determinism?

Why are materialists also called reductionist?

Materialism is often associated with reductionism, according to which the objects or phenomena individuated at one level of description, if they are genuine, must be explicable in terms of the objects or phenomena at some other level of description—typically, at a more reduced level.

What are the two types of materialism?

Mechanistic materialism and dialectical materialism are forms of realism, yet they differ from many forms of realism which we wish to present. Some humanistic and empirical naturalists are also pragmatists, but other pragmatists are not included within these approaches.

What is metaphysical materialism?

Metaphysical materialism is the view that everything known is body or matter; but while according to ancient materialists soul is only another body, according to modern materialists mind without soul is only an attribute or function of body.

Is materialism the same as determinism?

The main attraction of materialism is the ability of material theories to causally explain vast areas of phenomena. An adequate causal explanation by a material theory implies an instance of determinism. Because it consists in a phenomenon completely derived from material conditions and antecedents.

What is Epiphenomenalism dualism?

Epiphenomenalist dualism: the physical world can cause mental states but mental states cannot cause changes in the physical world – i.e. the causal interaction is one way. Physical -> mental: Getting hit in the head causes the mental state of pain.

What is materialism vs dualism?

Materialism is the doctrine that the world is entirely physical, whereas dualism is the doctrine that there are two fundamentally different kinds of things in the world: mind and bodies. Dualists say that minds are not made out of physical stuff, and they are not subject to the laws of nature.

What is naive materialism?

Naive materialism identifies the material world with specific elements (e.g. the scheme of the four elements—fire, air, water and earth—devised by the pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles). Metaphysical materialism examines separated parts of the world in a static, isolated environment.

What is meant by dialectical materialism?

dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For Marx and Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the senses, has objective reality independent of mind or spirit.

What’s the opposite of materialism?

In philosophy, “antimaterialism” can mean one of several metaphysical or religious beliefs that are specifically opposed to materialism, the notion that only matter exists.

What is the theory of Occasionalism?

occasionalism, version of Cartesian metaphysics that flourished in the last half of the 17th century, in which all interaction between mind and body is mediated by God. It is posited that unextended mind and extended body do not interact directly.

What does Epiphenomenal mean?

Epiphenomenalism is the view that mental events are caused by physical events in the brain, but have no effects upon any physical events. Behavior is caused by muscles that contract upon receiving neural impulses, and neural impulses are generated by input from other neurons or from sense organs.

What qualia means?

qualia include the ways it feels to see, hear and smell, the way it feels to have a pain; more generally, what it’s like to have mental states. Qualia are experiential properties of sensations, feelings, perceptions and, in my view, thoughts and desires as well.

What is materialist reductionism?

The view that only the material world (matter) is truly real, and that all processes and realities observed in the universe can be explained by reducing them down to their most basic scientific components, e.g., atoms, molecules, and everything else thought to make up what we know as “matter.” For example, a reductive …

What is the difference between reductive and eliminative materialism?

In the context of materialist understandings of psychology, eliminativism stands in opposition to reductive materialism which argues that mental states as conventionally understood do exist, and that they directly correspond to the physical state of the nervous system.

What is reductive physicalism?

A doctrine stating that everything in the world can be reduced down to its fundamental physical, or material, basis.

What is the opposite of reductionism?

The opposite of reductionism is ‘holism‘. This approach is traced back to a statement made by Aristotle in his ‘Metaphysics’:² ‘The whole is more than the sum of its parts.

What is ontological reductionism?

Ontological reductionism is the metaphysical doctrine that entities of a certain kind are in reality collections or combinations of entities of a simpler or more basic kind.

What is reductionism vs holism?

Reductionism and holism are two different approaches in psychology that researchers use to create experiments and draw conclusions. Reductionism likes to divide explanations of behaviour into separate components, whilst holism likes to look at the picture as a whole.

What is the opposite of determinism?

Indeterminism

Indeterminism is the idea that events (or certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or not caused deterministically. It is the opposite of determinism and related to chance. It is highly relevant to the philosophical problem of free will, particularly in the form of libertarianism.

What is the difference between determinism and indeterminism?

Roughly speaking, determinism is the doctrine that all past, present, and future events – including all acts of the will and all occurrences in nature – are determined and cannot but take place in the way they take place. Indeterminism is the negation of determinism; to deny determinism is to affirm indeterminism.

What is soft determinism?

Soft determinism (or compatibilism) is the position or view that causal determinism is true, but we still act as free, morally responsible agents when, in the absence of external constraints, our actions are caused by our desires. Compatibilism does not maintain that humans are free.

What is hard compatibilism?

‘Hard incompatibilism’ is a term coined by Derk Pereboom to designate the view that both determinism and indeterminism are incompatible with having free will and moral responsibility. Like the hard determinist, the hard incompatibilist holds that if determinism were true, our having free will would be ruled out.

What is metaphysical libertarianism?

Metaphysical libertarianism is one philosophical viewpoint under that of incompatibilism. Libertarianism holds onto a concept of free will that requires the agent to be able to take more than one possible course of action under a given set of circumstances.

What is the difference between compatibilism and incompatibilism?

Abstract. Compatibilism is the view that determinism is compatible with acting freely and being morally responsible. Incompatibilism is the opposite view. It is often claimed that compatibilism or incompatibilism is a natural part of ordinary social cognition.

What is classical compatibilism?

Classical compatibilists have responded by arguing that determinism is compatible with the ability to do otherwise. To show this, they attempted to analyze an agent’s ability to do otherwise in conditional terms (e.g., Hume, Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, p.

What is a Frankfurt style case?

ABSTRACT. Frankfurt-Style Cases (FSCs) seem to elicit the intuitive judgment that an agent is morally responsible despite being unable to act otherwise, which is supposed to falsify the Principle of Alternative Possibility (PAP).

What is the difference between compatibilism and libertarianism?

Compatibilists state such a compatibility, whereas incompatibilists deny it. Libertarians are those incompatibilists who postulate the actual existence of free will (and are thus committed to deny the truth of determinism).

Related posts:

What does “mind-independent” mean in Hegel? Is there a term for the position “no determinism but no free will”? Literature for Analytic philosophy? Do mathematicians take Modern Logic to be an appropriate representation of our sense of logic? Moral Arguments for Deity? Russell’s refutation? The identity problem? Which philosophers have touched on whether or not something is moral if it is commanded by a deity? History of determinism? Does emergent dualism solve the problem of brain damage without resorting to interactionist dualism? If descriptions can be objective, then can prescriptions be objective too?