Contents
What is the replication crisis in psychology?
The “replication crisis” in psychology, as it is often called, started around 2010, when a paper using completely accepted experimental methods was published purporting to find evidence that people were capable of perceiving the future, which is impossible.
What is an example of conceptual replication?
These are not objectively defined quantities, so we have to decide on something reasonable. For example, in the 1970s Alice Isen found that people were far more likely to help someone who had dropped some papers after they had found a dime in a phone booth (Isen & Levin, 1972).
What is causing the replication crisis?
Abstract. There is a broad agreement that psychology is facing a replication crisis. Even some seemingly well-established findings have failed to replicate. Numerous causes of the crisis have been identified, such as underpowered studies, publication bias, imprecise theories, and inadequate statistical procedures.
What are the 3 criteria for a psychological disorder?
Making a Diagnosis (The 3 D’s)
- Dysfunction.
- Distress.
- Deviance.
Why might a study not replicate?
In many cases, non-replicated research is caused by differences in the participants or in other extraneous variables that might influence the results of an experiment.
Is psychology suffering from a replication crisis?
Psychology has recently been viewed as facing a replication crisis because efforts to replicate past study findings frequently do not show the same result. Often, the first study showed a statistically significant result but the replication does not.
What is the main difference between direct and conceptual replications?
For her, “conceptual replications try to operationalize the same question or concept/effect in a different way” (898), whereas exact, or direct replications duplicate an experiment using the same operationalizations.
What is the difference between an exact and a conceptual replication?
In a conceptual replication, the researcher attempts to replicate the basic idea of the research. In an exact replication, the researcher reproduces, or at least attempts to reproduce, the exact circumstances of the original research.
How do you know if you’re HARKing?
HARKing occurs when researchers check their research results and then add and/or remove hypotheses from their research report on the basis of those results. This process can be disclosed or undisclosed to the readers of research reports (Hollenbeck & Wright, 2017; Schwab & Starbuck, 2017).
How do psychologists decide what behavior is considered abnormal and may be a psychological disorder?
Whether a given behaviour is considered a psychological disorder is determined not only by whether a behaviour is unusual (e.g., whether it is mild anxiety versus extreme anxiety) but also by whether a behaviour is maladaptive — that is, the extent to which it causes distress (e.g., pain and suffering) and dysfunction …
What are the 4 Ds of abnormality?
Psychologists often classify behavior as abnormal using 4 D’s: deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. Providing a straightforward definition of abnormality is tricky because abnormality is relative, but the definition has several primary characteristics.
What are the four main categories of abnormal behavior?
Abnormal behavior is any behavior that deviates from what is considered normal. There are four general criteria that psychologists use to identify abnormal behavior: violation of social norms, statistical rarity, personal distress, and maladaptive behavior.
What is an atypical behavior?
Atypical behaviour is behaviour that is uncommon. The social conformity approach to defining atypical or abnormal behaviour is, that it is behaviour that does not conform to societies expectations.
How abnormal behavior affect the life of a person?
Abnormal behavior affects a person’s ability to function.
People who are displaying these behaviors may struggle to function normally in their daily life, which can affect their relationships, work, school, and home life.
What makes defining abnormality difficult?
Limitations. The most obvious problem with defining abnormality using social norms is that there is no universal agreement over social norms. Social norms are culturally specific – they can differ significantly from one generation to the next and between different ethnic, regional and socio-economic groups.
What are the difficulties in defining normality and abnormality?
In simplest terms, normality is conformity to norms and abnormality is deviance from the norms. Normality is good or correct adaptive behavior while abnormality is maladaptation or maladjustment. Normality usually leads to healthy state of mind and living while abnormalities may lead to mental or emotional distress.
What causes abnormal behavior?
A behavioral disorder can have a variety of causes. According to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the abnormal behavior that is usually associated with these disorders can be traced back to biological, family and school-related factors. Some biological causes may include: Physical illness or disability.
What is problematic about the use of the term abnormal?
What is problematic about the use of the term abnormal? Multiple definitions of abnormality fail to distinguish between desirable and undesirable behavior.
When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there the individual is likely to be experiencing?
Hallucinations. Hallucinations are where someone sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels things that do not exist outside their mind. The most common hallucination is hearing voices.
What is social abnormality?
Abnormality has sometimes been described as a deviation from social norms within a society. People can be labelled as abnormal if their behaviour is different from what is accepted as the norms of society. However, cultures vary and therefore a universal set of social rules cannot be established.
What is psychologically abnormal behavior?
Those in the field of abnormal psychology study people’s emotional, cognitive, and/or behavioral problems. Abnormal behavior may be defined as behavior that is disturbing (socially unacceptable), distressing, maladaptive (or self‐defeating), and often the result of distorted thoughts (cognitions).
What are inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning?
Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. The most common is the remorseless and fearless antisocial personality.
What are some behaviors that may be considered abnormal but do not constitute a psychological disorder?
The focus on distress and dysfunction means that behaviors that are simply unusual (such as some political, religious, or sexual practices) are not classified as disorders.
What are Personality Disorders?
Overview. A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving. A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and people.
What is dissociative behavior?
Dissociative disorders are mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions and identity. People with dissociative disorders escape reality in ways that are involuntary and unhealthy and cause problems with functioning in everyday life.
Who is the psychopath?
The term “psychopath” is used to describe someone who is callous, unemotional, and morally depraved. While the term isn’t an official mental health diagnosis, it is often used in clinical and legal settings.
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