Contents
Is Derek Parfit a utilitarianism?
He shows that both average and total utilitarianism result in unwelcome conclusions when applied to population. In the section titled “Overpopulation,” Parfit distinguishes between average utilitarianism and total utilitarianism. He formulates average utilitarianism in two ways.
Does Parfit believe in God?
Parfit is an atheist, but when it comes to moral truth he believes what Ivan Karamazov believed about God: if it does not exist, then everything is permitted.
What is Derek Parfit’s position regarding personal identity?
Parfit ends up concluding that personal identity is not what matters. What matters is psychological continuity and connectedness. We can still talk about personal identity, but it will just be a convention. We can call teletransportation dying, or not.
What matters parfit summary?
Summary. Parfit defends an objective ethical theory and suggests that we have reasons to act that cannot be accounted for by subjective ethical theories.
What theory does parfit defend?
In Reasons and Persons Derek Parfit argues for a Reductionist View of personal identity. According to the Reductionist persons are nothing over and above the existence of certain mental and/or physical states and their various relations.
What does parfit mean by psychological continuity?
Psychological continuity requires overlapping chains of direct psychological relations. It is a transitive relation. Parfit’s weaker claim: what matters in survival can come in degrees. Parfit’s stronger claim: continuity may matter somewhat; but, connectedness is perhaps a more important element in survival.
When Parfit imagines his head transplanted onto his twin’s body does he think that he would still be the same person after this operation?
When Parfit imagines his head transplanted onto his twin’s body, does he think that he would still be the same person after this operation? Parfit thinks the question is unimportant.
What is the bundle theory Derek Parfit?
A Bundle theorist believes there is no unit that is a person that exists in the world. Â A person is just a bundle or collection of mental events. These bundle of ideas are attached to a person.
What does Parfit think matters for survival?
4. Parfit on survival: Survival presupposes personal identity. But what matters in survival does not. Psychological conti- nuity, even when unaccompanied by identity, contains all that matters to us about our own survival.
What is Parfit referring to when he talks about split brain cases?
Problem: Split Brain Cases: Derek Parfit describes recent experiments in which someone who has had the two hemispheres of their brain severed seems to be experiencing two distinct streams of consciousness.
Does Parfit agree with Hume?
We do not directly observe persons as things above and beyond the physical and psychological facts which we do observe (pp. 223-224); all we are aware of is a certain kind of psychological connectedness. (In this, Parfit agrees with Hume.)
Who is considered as the father of modern philosophy?
René Descartes
René Descartes is often credited with being the “Father of Modern Philosophy.” This title is justified due both to his break with the traditional Scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy prevalent at his time and to his development and promotion of the new, mechanistic sciences.
Who believed that there is no self?
David Hume* continued in the empiricist tradition of John Locke, believing that the source of all genuine knowledge is our direct sense experience.
Who argued that every person was born with a blank mind?
Locke (17th century)
In Locke’s philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that at birth the (human) mind is a “blank slate” without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one’s sensory experiences.
What does the quote I think, therefore I am mean?
Phrase. I think therefore I am. (philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.
Does Descartes believe in God?
According to Descartes, God’s existence is established by the fact that Descartes has a clear and distinct idea of God; but the truth of Descartes’s clear and distinct ideas are guaranteed by the fact that God exists and is not a deceiver. Thus, in order to show that God exists, Descartes must assume that God exists.
What makes a thing a thing?
things are said to be the same by their own nature in as many ways as they are said to be one; for both the things whose matter is one either in kind or in number, and those whose substance is one, are said to be the same (Metaph.
What is the meaning of nothing but matter exists?
It means that all things in existence are matter, and although it is not quite correct, it is a good, broad statement about the makeup of the universe.
What is real and reality?
Something that is perceived as real and is physically experienced by the senses. Reality is relative. Reality is all of your experiences and knowledge of the world that helps you to determine how things appear to you. The state of the world as it really is rather than as you might want it to be.
Who made the word philosophy?
thinker Pythagoras
The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BCE).
How did existentialism begin?
Existentialism in its currently recognizable form was developed by the 19th Century Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard and the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, although neither actually used the term in their work.
What is wrong with existentialism?
The key problems for existentialism are those of the individual himself, of his situation in the world, and of his more ultimate significance.
How is existentialism relevant today?
Modern day existentialism
Existential themes permeate our society, supporting the notion that no matter how many ways we try to hide, there is no running from what it means to be human.
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Redefining the Analytic/Synthetic Distinction in Terms of Computational Complexity?
What kind of fallacy is “Appeal to Force”?
Is it possible to be 100% certain of the existence of reality?
Is C.S. Lewis argument for absolute morality valid?
Can an eternal universe be created?
What developments prompted Cliffords picture of spacetime?
Does wave-particle duality pose a challenge to ontology?
“How does an immaterial activity (eg thinking a thought) inform a material medium (eg the brain) in which it is manifested?”?
What is the exact relationship between empathy and evil?
Sources for possible take on the Timaeus?